The Popes

The Scolding of a Pope: Saint Catherine of Siena’s Influence on Pope Gregory XI

The period from 1309 to 1377, known as the Avignon Papacy, was a time of significant upheaval and controversy within the Catholic Church. During this era, seven successive popes resided in Avignon, France, rather than in Rome, leading to political and spiritual challenges. Among the most notable figures of this period was Saint Catherine of Siena, whose bold interventions played a pivotal role in ending the Avignon Papacy and restoring the papal seat to Rome.

The Avignon Papacy: A Troubled Era

The relocation of the papacy to Avignon began with Pope Clement V, who moved the papal court to Avignon in 1309, largely due to political pressures and the instability in Rome. This shift marked the beginning of nearly seven decades of papal residency in France. While the Avignon Papacy allowed the Church to escape the political chaos of Rome, it also led to significant problems, including the perception of the papacy being under French influence and neglecting its spiritual responsibilities. The period was marked by a growing call for reform and a return to Rome, the traditional seat of the papacy.

Saint Catherine of Siena: The Bold Reformer

Saint Catherine of Siena, born in 1347, was a Dominican laywoman known for her mysticism, theological insights, and fervent dedication to the Church. Despite being a layperson, Catherine’s influence was clear, reaching the highest echelons of the Church. Her commitment to spiritual reform and her belief in the importance of the papal presence in Rome drove her to take bold actions.

Catherine’s correspondence with Pope Gregory XI is particularly notable. In her letters, she did not shy away from admonishing the Pope, urging him to return the papacy to Rome. Her language was strikingly direct and authoritative, reflecting her deep spiritual conviction and her sense of urgency. In one of her letters, she wrote, “Be manly in my sight, and not fearful.” This exhortation was not merely a call to action but a challenge to the Pope’s courage and resolve.

The Meeting in Avignon

In 1376, Catherine traveled to Avignon to meet with Pope Gregory XI in person. Her journey was a testament to her determination and the seriousness of her mission. The meeting between the Pope and Catherine is a moment of significant historical and spiritual importance. Catherine, with her persuasive arguments and spiritual authority, implored Gregory XI to return to Rome and address the pressing issues facing the Church.

The Return to Rome

Catherine’s efforts bore fruit. In 1377, Pope Gregory XI made the historic decision to return the papal seat to Rome, ending the Avignon Papacy. This move was a crucial step in addressing the spiritual and political challenges of the time and reasserting the independence and authority of the papacy. Gregory’s return to Rome was not just a geographical shift but a symbolic act that aimed to restore the Church’s integrity and strengthen its leadership.

Legacy and Impact

Saint Catherine of Siena’s influence on Pope Gregory XI and her role in ending the Avignon Papacy highlight the extraordinary impact that a committed and courageous individual can have on the course of history. Her scolding letters and personal appeals were instrumental in persuading the Pope to take a decisive action that had long-lasting effects on the Church.

Catherine’s legacy extends beyond her influence on the papacy. She was canonized in 1461 and later declared a Doctor of the Church in 1970, recognizing her theological contributions and her role as a spiritual leader. Her life and actions continue to inspire those who seek to bring about change through faith, conviction, and courageous action.

The story of Saint Catherine of Siena and Pope Gregory XI is a powerful example of how determined individuals can influence significant historical events. Catherine’s bold scolding and her unwavering commitment to the Church’s well-being were pivotal in restoring the papacy to Rome, marking the end of a troubled era and paving the way for future reforms.